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255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">電子郵箱：</strong>ping2312@163.com</p><p title="珠海市香洲區銀樺路深發展大廈1606室" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">公司地址：</strong>珠海市香洲區前山街道岱山路70號樂士文化區A棟A9201</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="main"> <div class="post" id="post-6"> <h2>水土保持</h2> <div class="postmeta"> <span>日期：2016-01-13 00:00:00</span> <span>作者：珠海市堡水環?？萍加邢薰?/span> <span>瀏覽：<script type="text/javascript" src="/index.php?c=api&a=hits&id=278"></script>次</span> </div> <div class="entry"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">水土保持</strong>：是指對自然因素和人為活動造成水土流失所采取的預防和治理措施。八十年代以來，進入了一個以小流域為單元開展水土流失綜合治理的新階段。小流域是指以分水嶺和出口斷面為界形成的面積比較小的閉合集水區。流域面積最大一般不超過50平方公里。每個小流域既是一個獨立的自然集水單元，又是一個發展農、林、牧生產的經濟單元，分布在大江大河的上游。一個小流域就是一個水土流失單元，水土流失的發生、發展全過程都在小流域內產生具有一定的規律性。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-183" src="/data/upload/image/20190513/1557683168138159.jpg" alt="水土保持" width="350" height="280" srcset="http://www.lifesabluff.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/90b8bfaf9c1d8dc87749-1-300x240.jpg 300w, http://www.lifesabluff.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/90b8bfaf9c1d8dc87749-1.jpg 350w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">法律背景</strong>：2010年12月25日，十一屆全國人大常委會第十八次會議25日表決通過修改后的《水土保持法》。法律完善了水土保持法律責任種類，提高了處罰力度，增強了可操作性，提升了法律的威懾力。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">主要措施</strong>：工程措施、生物措施和蓄水保土耕作措施是水土保持的主要措施。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">工程措施</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">指防治水土流失危害，保護和合理利用水土資源而修筑的各項工程設施，包括治坡工程(各類梯田、臺地、水平溝、魚鱗坑等)、治溝工程(如淤地壩、攔沙壩、谷坊、溝頭防護等)和小型水利工程(如水池、水窖、排水系統和灌溉系統等)。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">生物措施</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">指為防治水土流失，保護與合理利用水土資源，采取造林種草及管護的辦法，增加植被覆蓋率，維護和提高土地生產力的一種水土保持措施。主要包括造林、種草和封山育林、育草。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">蓄水保土</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">指以改變坡面微小地形，增加植被覆蓋或增強土壤有機質抗蝕力等方法，保土蓄水，改良土壤，以提高農業生產的技術措施。如等高耕作、等高帶狀間作、溝壟耕作少耕、免耕等。開展水土保持，就是要以小流域為單元，根據自然規律，在全面規劃的基礎上，因地制宜、因害設防，合理安排工程、生物、蓄水保土三大水土保持措施，實施山、水、林、田、路綜合治理，最大限度地控制水土流失，從而達到保護和合理利用水土資源，實現經濟社會的可持續發展。因此，水土保持是一項適應自然、改造自然的戰略性措施，也是合理利用水土資源的必要途徑;水土保持工作不僅是人類對自然界水土流失原因和規律認識的概括和總結，也是人類改造自然和利用自然能力的體現。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14.4375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">效益評價</strong>：水土保持是一項面廣量大、復雜的系統工作，要全面測試分析評估其效益，確實不易。一般將水保效益分為經濟、社會、生態三部分，對水少沙多的北方河流還增加一項攔泥效益。不同水保措施，不同地形地質條件下的單項效益，以便為水保評價提供依據;從土壤流失至進入干流之間各河段的水沙變化及其對周邊的經濟、社會、生態和人文的影響，以便了解輸移過程，可能產生的負效益或不利影響，如對大小水庫、坑塘、澇池的運用壽命，對河岸的沖刷破壞，對農作物沙壓減產等。效益計算：采用有無措施或增減措施后在時空方面的對比。為實現科學管理和國家決策要求，必須客觀地、定量地認識和評價水土保持的全面和單項問題，揭示水土保持的基本情況與動態變化、水土保持的成效與進展，水土保持的潛力與展望?？傂б媸歉黜椥б娴娜诤?，研究分類效益及其間的相互關系應是主要內容。生態環境既是總效益的一部分，也是促進社會經濟發展的重要因素，分析研究與不同生態環境相適應的社會經濟效益，具有現實意義。經濟既是各類措施的物質基礎，也是國民經濟發展和構建小康社會的必要條件。</p></div> </div> <p></p> <div style="height:10px;"></div> <p><p>下一篇：<a style="font-size:14px" href="/huanbaogongcheng/279.html">噪聲治理</a> </p></p> </div> </div>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/template/default/css/kefu.css"> <script src="/template/default/js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $("#aFloatTools_Show").click(function(){ $('#divFloatToolsView').animate({width:'show',opacity:'show'},100,function(){$('#divFloatToolsView').show();}); 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